000			02701nam a22003017a 4500
999			_c48126 _d48123
003			OSt
005			20210728045707.0
008			210726b ||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
020			_a9780190496630
020			_a9780190496647
040			_cACKU
041			_a124
043			_aa-af---
050	0	0	_aDS371.4 _bR825 _c2020
100	1		_aRubin, Barnett R.
245	1	0	_aAfghanistan: What Everyone Needs to Know / _cBarnett R. Rubin.
260			_aNew York, NY: _bOxford University Press, _c[2020].
300			_aXviii, 332 pages: _c22 cm. _b illustrations;
500			_aIncludes bibliographical references (pages 299-310) and index.
500			_aOnline version: Rubin, Barnett R. Afghanistan New York, NY: Oxford University Press, [2020] 9780190496654 (DLC) 2019037424.
520			_aSummary: "Through much of the twentieth century Afghanistan seemed to be a distant concern in the U.S. "Afghanistanism" used to be journalistic shorthand for stories about distant places that editors dismissed as irrelevant. Afghanistan's territory does include some remote, barely accessible regions, but it also includes ancient metropolises such as Balkh, Herat, Kabul, and Kandahar that through much of history were crossroads for commerce and the spread of ideas, including religions and artistic styles. Afghanistan's period of isolation was not an inevitable consequence of its location; it was the result of the policies of the British and Russian colonial empires. In the late 19th and 20th century, those empires agreed to make Afghanistan a buffer state separating their two empires. The only foreign representative would be a Muslim representative of British India, which controlled Afghanistan's foreign affairs. That arrangement has broken down so thoroughly, that Afghanistan is now the opposite of a buffer state. Instead of preventing conflict by separating empires or states, it has become an arena where others act out proxy conflicts. The Soviet invasion of December 1979 turned the country into the hottest conflict of a supposedly Cold War. The Afghan state collapsed in the 1990s as a result of that proxy war and the breakup of the USSR, which had been funding the state. The country then became the arena of conflict among regional powers - Pakistan versus Iran, Russia, and India - but also a zone of competition over pipeline routes among the U.S., Saudi Arabia, and Iran."-- Provided by publisher.
546			_a124
650		0	_aAfghanistan _xHistory _y20th century.
650		0	_aAfghanistan _xHistory _y2001-
650		0	_aAfghanistan _xPolitics and government _y20th century.
650		0	_aAfghanistan _xPolitics and government _y21st century.
942			_2lcc _cENVIRONMEN