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040			_cACKU
041			_a124
043			_aa-af---
050	0	0	_aPamphlet D378. _bG744 1881
100	1		_aGreen, Henry Rodes.
245	1	4	_aThe Retention of Candahar / _cby Henry Rodes Green.
260			_aLondon : _bEward Stanford, _c1881.
300			_a31 pages ; _c30 cm.
500			_aCover title.
500			_a“The Retention of Candahar, published in London in 1881, is typical of the many pamphlets produced in Great Britain as the British Parliament and public debated policy toward Afghanistan in the wake of the Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878–80). The war began in November 1878 when the British sent an Anglo-Indian force into Afghanistan with the aim of replacing the Afghan amir, Sher Ali Khan, who was reputed to harbor pro-Russian sentiments, with a ruler more favorable to Britain. After a series of battles won by both British and Afghan forces, the war finally ended in September 1880 with a decisive British victory at the Battle of Kandahar. William Ewart Gladstone, who became prime minister for a second time in April 1880, took office firmly committed to a policy of complete withdrawal from Afghanistan. The policy was opposed by many active and retired officials in Britain and British India, who argued that British Indian troops should permanently occupy Kandahar as a check on possible Russian expansion toward India. This pamphlet, written by a retired major general who had served as political superintendent and commandant on the Sind frontier and in Baluchistan, argues for retention. The pamphlet presents the military, political, and financial case for a continued British military presence in Afghanistan and disputes “government arguments for abandonment.” The pamphlet greatly exaggerates the threat to Afghanistan posed by Russia, and concludes with a warning that “Afghanistan must eventually fall under the influence of Russia or England. We have now to decide which it will be.” This argument did not win out, and in the end the British and Indian governments made good on Gladstone’s commitment to complete withdrawal. The last British Indian troops left Afghanistan in the spring of 1881. The new Afghan ruler, ʿAbd-al-Rahman, conceded British supervision of his foreign relations in return for which Britain promised him a subsidy and help in resisting unprovoked aggression by an outside power, but Afghanistan was able to preserve its independence and avoid foreign occupation”—copied from website.
500			_aThe Library of Congress donated copies of the digitized material (along with extensive bibliographic records) containing more than 163,000 pages of documents to ACKU, the collections that include thousands of historical, cultural, and scholarly materials dating from the early 1300s to the 1990s includes books, manuscripts, maps, photographs, newspapers and periodicals related to Afghanistan in Pushto, Dari, as well as in English, French, German, Russian and other European languages ACKU has a PDF copy of the item.
546			_a124
650		0	_aAfghan Wars.
651		0	_aKandahar (Afghanistan).
856			_qPDF _uhttps://doi.org/10.29171/azu_acku_pamphlet_d378_g744_1881 _zScanned for ACKU.
942			_2lcc _cMON _kazu_acku_pamphlet_d378_g744_1881