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040			_cACKU
043			_aa-af---
050			_aPamphlet SB295. _bO65. _cM36 2011
100	1		_aMansfield, David.
245	1	0	_aManaging concurrent and repeated risks : _bexplaining the reductions in opium production in Central Helmand between 2008 and 2011 / _cDavid Mansfield ; Alcis Ltd. & OSDR ; editing and layout Oliver Lough.
260			_aKabul : _bAfghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (AREU), _c2011.
300			_a105 p. : _bcol. maps ; _c30 cm.
520			_aSummary: “This paper seeks to explore what factors have driven recent reductions in poppy cultivation in Helmand and how sustainable they are. It finds that while household concerns about food security because of high wheat prices were key in driving down poppy cultivation between 2008 and 2009, the coercive power of the Afghan state and international military forces has been significant in determining levels of cultivation in central Helmand in 2010 and 2011.Sustainability of these effects will vary among different communities. Broadly speaking, this research suggests that reductions in poppy cultivation are: (1) most sustainable among communities close to urban centres with access to diverse income opportunities, government support programs and better security; (2) least sustainable among communities that have responded to the government’s poppy ban but lack viable alternatives and remain exposed to violence and intimidation by both sides in the conflict; (3) and non-existent among a growing number of communities in the desert north of the Boghra Canal where opium production has provided the means to own and cultivate land, and the Taliban is increasingly seen to provide a relatively secure environment for households to secure income and accumulate assets.”—(P. 1).
650		0	_aOpium poppy _z Afghanistan _z Hilmand.
650		0	_aOpium poppy _x Economic aspects _z Afghanistan _z Hilmand.
650		0	_aOpium trade _x Economic aspects _z Afghanistan _z Hilmand.
650		0	_aAgriculture _x Economic aspects _z Afghanistan _z Hilmand Province.
650		0	_aLivelihoods _z Afghanistan _z Hilmand Province.
651		0	_aAfghanistan _z Hilmand Province _x Rural conditions.
700			_aLough, Oliver.
710			_aAlcis (Firm).
710			_aOrganisation for Sustainable Development and Research (OSDR).
856			_uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.2458/azu_acku_pamphlet_sb295_o65_m36_2011 _zScanned for ACKU _qPDF
942			_2lcc _cMON _kazu_acku_pamphlet_sb295_o65_m36_2011
999			_c24203 _d24203